The coffee is lost in antiquity. So far not precisely determined, when and under what circumstances people discovered coffee. The first mention of him as a drink refers to the year 575.
Among hot beverages such as tea, coffee and cocoa in the world manufacturing output in the first place is coffee. This drink is known all over the world. Even in the homeland of tea in China, coffee is very popular. Here appreciate its delicate aroma, pleasant taste, and most importantly - a refreshing, invigorating effect.
All data suggest that Ethiopia is the birthplace of coffee, namely: little-known and inaccessible mountainous province of Kaffa in the south-west of the country. Hence the name, which the Arabs gave this plant, - "Kahwa.
From Ethiopia, the Arabs brought coffee in Yemen, where its large area there are more than 1500 years.
In IV-VII centuries, Yemen was ruled by Ethiopia, and there began the first drink drink called "geshir", using mature, dried pulp of the coffee fruit, grind together with the shell.
Later, Arabs began to prepare a drink from dried, roasted and crushed seeds of the coffee fruit, that is so, as is done today. They also developed a method of preparing the drink, called "East" and known throughout the world.
From Yemen coffee began his peaceful conquest of many countries. Yemen of those times was in the center of trade routes from Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Egypt and other countries of the Middle East. In these ways, caravans of camels deliver pepper, nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves and other exotic goods, and among them, of course, coffee.
In the bustle of the marketplace, in the picturesque motley crowd could meet people who beat the drumbeat of "mahmass al kava" - pans for roasting coffee. Thus, they clicked the passers-by in the stores.
Alarmed by the "brain disorder" - because the Sharia does not allow the faithful to use the exciting drinks - Mohammedan clergy taken up arms against the black African potions. Legislative synod, convened in 1511, cursed coffee, and the ruler of Mecca, Khair Bey closed stores.
For drinking coffee in Muslim countries, people were persecuted and even killed.
Nevertheless, since the beginning of the XVII century. Coffee has already spread to Europe.
First learned about it from an Italian physician Prosper Alpinusa, who in 1591 accompanied by a Venetian embassy in Egypt. Trendy coffee shops began to appear first in Italy, then in England (1652), France and Russia (XVIII cent.).
In Europe, coffee is very valued to the XVIII century. He was later attributed to a number of harmful beverages, and only in the XX century. he again became popular.
But coffee overcame all obstacles. And small and large European cities become places of trade in general in this exotic drink.
In Russia, coffee imported in the beginning of XVIII century. from the Netherlands. Propagandist his was Peter I. In the Netherlands some time he lived in Amsterdam's mayor Nikolai Witsen, known at the time employer and kofetorgovtsa. There, Peter and addicted to drink and, on returning to Russia, brought him into the habit in their assemblies.
At the end of XVIII century. appear printed edition of the Economic shop "," General and complete housekeeping ", which describes the culture of coffee, how in-gotovleniya drink and the impact of coffee per person.
Since 1812 consumption of coffee was a sign of good breeding. Following the example of France in St. Petersburg and other cities throughout the country began to open stores, which conducted a brisk trade in coffee. In some cities began to appear Society for the Propagation of coffee, which competed with similar societies of tea drinkers. Interest in the drink is so increased that at one time coffee has even become a serious competitor of tea.
In the first half of XVIII century. (1723) coffee tree thanks to the efforts of the French botanists got to the West Indies on the island of Martinique, which was a very suitable place for growth and development of the African plants. After 2 years planted tree has only about 1 kg of grain, but 10 years later there was a coffee plantation. In the XVIII century. coffee tree falls in South America - in Brazil.
In St. Petersburg in 1884 opened an international horticultural exhibition, to which Brazil had a separate pavilion. Its stands were represented by 1,000 varieties of coffee. At the exhibition wishing to learn to roast coffee beans, cooking liquor, and in conclusion - it's free coffee own cooking. After this exhibition, the demand for coffee has increased significantly, and on the eve of the First World War, coffee imports amounted to about 800 thousand tons.
Coffee plays important role in the economy of Brazil. In the Brazilian city of Sao Paulo in the central square stands the original monument - a bronze coffee tree, a symbol of wealth.
From Ethiopia, the Arabs brought coffee in Yemen, where its large area there are more than 1500 years.
In IV-VII centuries, Yemen was ruled by Ethiopia, and there began the first drink drink called "geshir", using mature, dried pulp of the coffee fruit, grind together with the shell.
Later, Arabs began to prepare a drink from dried, roasted and crushed seeds of the coffee fruit, that is so, as is done today. They also developed a method of preparing the drink, called "East" and known throughout the world.
From Yemen coffee began his peaceful conquest of many countries. Yemen of those times was in the center of trade routes from Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Egypt and other countries of the Middle East. In these ways, caravans of camels deliver pepper, nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves and other exotic goods, and among them, of course, coffee.
In the bustle of the marketplace, in the picturesque motley crowd could meet people who beat the drumbeat of "mahmass al kava" - pans for roasting coffee. Thus, they clicked the passers-by in the stores.
Alarmed by the "brain disorder" - because the Sharia does not allow the faithful to use the exciting drinks - Mohammedan clergy taken up arms against the black African potions. Legislative synod, convened in 1511, cursed coffee, and the ruler of Mecca, Khair Bey closed stores.
For drinking coffee in Muslim countries, people were persecuted and even killed.
Nevertheless, since the beginning of the XVII century. Coffee has already spread to Europe.
First learned about it from an Italian physician Prosper Alpinusa, who in 1591 accompanied by a Venetian embassy in Egypt. Trendy coffee shops began to appear first in Italy, then in England (1652), France and Russia (XVIII cent.).
In Europe, coffee is very valued to the XVIII century. He was later attributed to a number of harmful beverages, and only in the XX century. he again became popular.
But coffee overcame all obstacles. And small and large European cities become places of trade in general in this exotic drink.
In Russia, coffee imported in the beginning of XVIII century. from the Netherlands. Propagandist his was Peter I. In the Netherlands some time he lived in Amsterdam's mayor Nikolai Witsen, known at the time employer and kofetorgovtsa. There, Peter and addicted to drink and, on returning to Russia, brought him into the habit in their assemblies.
At the end of XVIII century. appear printed edition of the Economic shop "," General and complete housekeeping ", which describes the culture of coffee, how in-gotovleniya drink and the impact of coffee per person.
Since 1812 consumption of coffee was a sign of good breeding. Following the example of France in St. Petersburg and other cities throughout the country began to open stores, which conducted a brisk trade in coffee. In some cities began to appear Society for the Propagation of coffee, which competed with similar societies of tea drinkers. Interest in the drink is so increased that at one time coffee has even become a serious competitor of tea.
In the first half of XVIII century. (1723) coffee tree thanks to the efforts of the French botanists got to the West Indies on the island of Martinique, which was a very suitable place for growth and development of the African plants. After 2 years planted tree has only about 1 kg of grain, but 10 years later there was a coffee plantation. In the XVIII century. coffee tree falls in South America - in Brazil.
In St. Petersburg in 1884 opened an international horticultural exhibition, to which Brazil had a separate pavilion. Its stands were represented by 1,000 varieties of coffee. At the exhibition wishing to learn to roast coffee beans, cooking liquor, and in conclusion - it's free coffee own cooking. After this exhibition, the demand for coffee has increased significantly, and on the eve of the First World War, coffee imports amounted to about 800 thousand tons.
Coffee plays important role in the economy of Brazil. In the Brazilian city of Sao Paulo in the central square stands the original monument - a bronze coffee tree, a symbol of wealth.
