A few words about the mineral waters
Myths and legends brought us to the most remote times is evidence that the waters of healing springs used since time immemorial. The ancient Greeks, for example, believed that the force of his heroic Heracles found, bathed in the magical source of the Caucasus, so the mythical hero at one time even considered the patron saint curative waters.
In ancient times the Greeks constructed from local springs sanctuary dedicated to the god Asclepius (the Romans in similar places erected temples in honor of Aesculapius). In Greece, archaeologists discovered the ruins of ancient spas, built around the VI century BC. e.
The remains of ancient baths are found in the Caucasus, where not only swim, but were treated with mineral waters. From generation to generation by oral tradition about the miraculous properties of the waters, here hitting out of the ground. This is also the name of many sources. For example, Narzan (Nart-san "), translated from the Balkar means" giant drink.
Medical power of underground water for the ancient people were a mystery. It is sometimes attributed to some mysterious creatures supposedly lived in springs. However, have been taken and scientific attempts to explain the effectiveness of mineral waters.
Arhigenes Greek physician who lived in I century BC. e., one of the world's first claimed that the secret of underground water - in their composition. He even engaged in systematization of water, dividing them into four groups: alkaline, iron, salt and sulfur.
Nearly two thousand years have passed since then. Today no one doubts that the strength of these waters is caused by the substances contained. Some substances contained in mineral waters in the form of ions, the other in the form of undissociated molecules, and others are colloidal particles. Of course, the various mineral waters are different from each other and a set of components and their ratio. Some of these "living waters" suitable for drinking, others for medicinal baths.
History of the study and use of mineral waters of Russia with the name of Peter I. In his order on Martsialny (iron) waters in Zaonezhie was built the first hydropathic resort in Russia. Sam Peter I repeatedly treated by these waters, and on his own orders were drawn up and the first "Rules doctor, as in the add-water flow.
The most famous hydropathic resort of the former Soviet Union, which has also international significance - KMV, where the perfect climate combined with a large number of sources of very diverse composition.
The date of a resort on the Caucasian mineral waters is considered to be 1803, when here was sent to the doctor, and at the source Narzan already a fortress was built - the embryo of the future city of Kislovodsk.
In 1823, the Caucasus was sent pharmacologist Professor A. P. Nelyubin, who, after painstaking research created a major work full historical, medico-topographical, physical, chemical and medical description of the Caucasian Mineral Waters ". Study of the mineral composition of water has made an outstanding chemist NN Zinin, a well-known clinician, founder of the Moscow School of Therapeutic GA Zakhar'in spoke not only about the beneficial effect of water in the resorts, but also about the benefits of bottle water in the clinic and at home.
Pushkin visited twice in the Caucasus mineral waters - in 1820 and 1829. the road to Arzrum. Recalling his first visit, Pushkin wrote: "... baths were in makeshift hovels. Sources, mostly in its primitive form, beaten, smoked, and trickled down from the mountains in different directions, leaving behind a white and red marks. We drew bubbling water dipper from the bark or the bottom of a broken bottle ... "
In the middle of XIX century in the Caucasus mineral waters have been treated, according to tradition, as follows: first "dead water" - at the sulfur springs of Pyatigorsk, then "living water" - in Zheleznovodsk and finished the course in Kislovodsk "narzan" which took in incredible numbers -- 30 or more cups a day!
Only since 1920, when the Soviet Government was established in Pyatigorsk State balneological Institute, began a systematic and comprehensive study of natural mineral waters. Nowadays, these questions are developed in the institutions of balneology Moscow, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Ukraine, Georgia and Armenia.
In the area of Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk operates about 80 sources of water-21 type.
Mineral composition.
Thus, the healing properties of mineral waters are determined primarily by how much they contain salts. This characteristic is called mineralization and extremely diverse. For example, distinguish
• medical-table water (mineralization within 2.8 g / l). Such water can sometimes be used as table drinks.
• Treatment of water (the salt concentration increases). These mineral waters have on the human body is very strong action. They drink their prescribed by a doctor and in strictly limited quantities.
On the label, pasted on a bottle of mineral water, generally indicated chemical composition of water and the number of main components.
Dissolved salts are electrically charged particles - ions. It is known that ions can be positive or negative charges, and, depending on the so called either cations or anions.
Healing properties of mineral water, its chemical nature is defined by six major ions: three cations - sodium, calcium, magnesium, and three anions - chloride, sulfate and bicarbonate. The diversity of mineral waters in large part created by various combinations of this magnificent six!
If the sodium ions combine with chloride ions, the water belongs to the group of sodium chloride, or salt, mineral water.
The combination of sodium, chloride and bicarbonate gives the group "saline-alkaline water.
But Narzan contains four major ions: magnesium, calcium, bicarbonate and sulfate, so it is called "sulfate-hydro-magnesium-calcium mineral water.
Carbon dioxide, or carbon dioxide, or what we used to call "carbon dioxide" - mineral water makes a pleasant-tasting, sparkling water quenches thirst better. We can say that because of carbon dioxide in huge underground laboratories are formed of many healing mineral waters: Dissolved carbon dioxide acts on the surrounding rock, resulting in formation of carbonate and calcium, magnesium and sodium. C02 owe their birth such wonderful water as Narzan, "Essentuki, Borjomi, and many others.
Carbon dioxide is needed for the stabilization of the chemical composition of mineral waters, so before bottling the water is saturated with carbon dioxide added to preserve its medicinal properties.
It is safe to say that apart from those mentioned six major ions in mineral waters is present in nearly all of the periodic table. Those elements that are contained in very small quantities are called micronutrients and even ultramicroelements. Among them, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, arsenic, fluorine, manganese, copper, iodine, bromine, lithium. Including the pronounced pharmacological effects - iron, arsenic, iodine and bromine.
Iron is found in many mineral waters of Siberia and the Caucasus. Most iron in the above-mentioned "Martsialny" waters - up to 70 mg / liter. The presence of iron makes the treatment even water with very low salinity (less than 1 g / l). If the iron content reaches 20 mg / L, the water is considered the "glandular and appoint people suffering from anemia.
Arsenic - a substance with pronounced toxic and pharmacological properties. Mineral water containing from 0.7 mg / l of arsenic and above, have a specific therapeutic action and relate to arsenious mineral water.
Among drinking mineral water is also bromine. (As is known, bromine is used in the treatment of disorders of the nervous system.) These waters are used only on prescription. The lower the salinity of the water and the less it chlorides, the more pronounced effect seen bromine on the body.
Drinking mineral waters contain more organic matter. Organic composition of mineral water still very much up to now not been studied. That he most likely owe their healing power of mineral waters of Truskavets.
The chemical composition of six different classes of mineral water: bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, mixed, biologically active and aerated.
Technology of bottled mineral water bottling necessarily involves filtering through asbestos, plate or ceramic filters, saturated with carbon dioxide to 0,3 - 0,4%.
As the requirements of national standard, mineral water - is a colorless liquid, with no strangers, unusual odors and flavors to it. On each bottle must be pasted label with the date of issue and description of water.
It should be noted that one can not expect from the healing mineral waters of a miraculous effect. When properly used them, while respecting the diet and general treatment, to the exclusion of unnecessarily irritating moments (especially alcohol) consumption of mineral water gives good results.
Mineral water, bottled, are, however, increasingly used as table water. This is due to their pleasant taste, saturated with carbon dioxide and several other advantages over fresh water. При обильном потоотделении наш организм теряет с потом значительное количество солей. Consumption of fresh water does not compensate these losses, for this reason can occur undesirable depletion of body salts. Established that the workers of hot shops of less sweat for quenching their thirst with salty, not fresh water. But mineral water and there is such a salty water, but only a part of it, except salt, are necessary for the body and other salts. Not to mention the fact that the sanitary condition of mineral water, bottled, always impeccable.
The basic condition for the use of mineral waters as a table is their low mineralization, as well as the use of highly mineralized water can lead to undesirable results.
Given the effect on the organism of mineral waters, one can assume that as the water table should use water-sodium chloride-type mineralization at most 4 - 1,5 g / l for the hydrocarbon-water, this limit is about 6 g / l, and for Water mixed it is between these values. Prudent use of mineral water canteens have beneficial effects on the body.
Myths and legends brought us to the most remote times is evidence that the waters of healing springs used since time immemorial. The ancient Greeks, for example, believed that the force of his heroic Heracles found, bathed in the magical source of the Caucasus, so the mythical hero at one time even considered the patron saint curative waters.
In ancient times the Greeks constructed from local springs sanctuary dedicated to the god Asclepius (the Romans in similar places erected temples in honor of Aesculapius). In Greece, archaeologists discovered the ruins of ancient spas, built around the VI century BC. e.
The remains of ancient baths are found in the Caucasus, where not only swim, but were treated with mineral waters. From generation to generation by oral tradition about the miraculous properties of the waters, here hitting out of the ground. This is also the name of many sources. For example, Narzan (Nart-san "), translated from the Balkar means" giant drink.
Medical power of underground water for the ancient people were a mystery. It is sometimes attributed to some mysterious creatures supposedly lived in springs. However, have been taken and scientific attempts to explain the effectiveness of mineral waters.
Arhigenes Greek physician who lived in I century BC. e., one of the world's first claimed that the secret of underground water - in their composition. He even engaged in systematization of water, dividing them into four groups: alkaline, iron, salt and sulfur.
Nearly two thousand years have passed since then. Today no one doubts that the strength of these waters is caused by the substances contained. Some substances contained in mineral waters in the form of ions, the other in the form of undissociated molecules, and others are colloidal particles. Of course, the various mineral waters are different from each other and a set of components and their ratio. Some of these "living waters" suitable for drinking, others for medicinal baths.
History of the study and use of mineral waters of Russia with the name of Peter I. In his order on Martsialny (iron) waters in Zaonezhie was built the first hydropathic resort in Russia. Sam Peter I repeatedly treated by these waters, and on his own orders were drawn up and the first "Rules doctor, as in the add-water flow.
The most famous hydropathic resort of the former Soviet Union, which has also international significance - KMV, where the perfect climate combined with a large number of sources of very diverse composition.
The date of a resort on the Caucasian mineral waters is considered to be 1803, when here was sent to the doctor, and at the source Narzan already a fortress was built - the embryo of the future city of Kislovodsk.
In 1823, the Caucasus was sent pharmacologist Professor A. P. Nelyubin, who, after painstaking research created a major work full historical, medico-topographical, physical, chemical and medical description of the Caucasian Mineral Waters ". Study of the mineral composition of water has made an outstanding chemist NN Zinin, a well-known clinician, founder of the Moscow School of Therapeutic GA Zakhar'in spoke not only about the beneficial effect of water in the resorts, but also about the benefits of bottle water in the clinic and at home.
Pushkin visited twice in the Caucasus mineral waters - in 1820 and 1829. the road to Arzrum. Recalling his first visit, Pushkin wrote: "... baths were in makeshift hovels. Sources, mostly in its primitive form, beaten, smoked, and trickled down from the mountains in different directions, leaving behind a white and red marks. We drew bubbling water dipper from the bark or the bottom of a broken bottle ... "
In the middle of XIX century in the Caucasus mineral waters have been treated, according to tradition, as follows: first "dead water" - at the sulfur springs of Pyatigorsk, then "living water" - in Zheleznovodsk and finished the course in Kislovodsk "narzan" which took in incredible numbers -- 30 or more cups a day!
Only since 1920, when the Soviet Government was established in Pyatigorsk State balneological Institute, began a systematic and comprehensive study of natural mineral waters. Nowadays, these questions are developed in the institutions of balneology Moscow, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Ukraine, Georgia and Armenia.
In the area of Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk operates about 80 sources of water-21 type.
Mineral composition.
Thus, the healing properties of mineral waters are determined primarily by how much they contain salts. This characteristic is called mineralization and extremely diverse. For example, distinguish
• medical-table water (mineralization within 2.8 g / l). Such water can sometimes be used as table drinks.
• Treatment of water (the salt concentration increases). These mineral waters have on the human body is very strong action. They drink their prescribed by a doctor and in strictly limited quantities.
On the label, pasted on a bottle of mineral water, generally indicated chemical composition of water and the number of main components.
Dissolved salts are electrically charged particles - ions. It is known that ions can be positive or negative charges, and, depending on the so called either cations or anions.
Healing properties of mineral water, its chemical nature is defined by six major ions: three cations - sodium, calcium, magnesium, and three anions - chloride, sulfate and bicarbonate. The diversity of mineral waters in large part created by various combinations of this magnificent six!
If the sodium ions combine with chloride ions, the water belongs to the group of sodium chloride, or salt, mineral water.
The combination of sodium, chloride and bicarbonate gives the group "saline-alkaline water.
But Narzan contains four major ions: magnesium, calcium, bicarbonate and sulfate, so it is called "sulfate-hydro-magnesium-calcium mineral water.
Carbon dioxide, or carbon dioxide, or what we used to call "carbon dioxide" - mineral water makes a pleasant-tasting, sparkling water quenches thirst better. We can say that because of carbon dioxide in huge underground laboratories are formed of many healing mineral waters: Dissolved carbon dioxide acts on the surrounding rock, resulting in formation of carbonate and calcium, magnesium and sodium. C02 owe their birth such wonderful water as Narzan, "Essentuki, Borjomi, and many others.
Carbon dioxide is needed for the stabilization of the chemical composition of mineral waters, so before bottling the water is saturated with carbon dioxide added to preserve its medicinal properties.
It is safe to say that apart from those mentioned six major ions in mineral waters is present in nearly all of the periodic table. Those elements that are contained in very small quantities are called micronutrients and even ultramicroelements. Among them, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, arsenic, fluorine, manganese, copper, iodine, bromine, lithium. Including the pronounced pharmacological effects - iron, arsenic, iodine and bromine.
Iron is found in many mineral waters of Siberia and the Caucasus. Most iron in the above-mentioned "Martsialny" waters - up to 70 mg / liter. The presence of iron makes the treatment even water with very low salinity (less than 1 g / l). If the iron content reaches 20 mg / L, the water is considered the "glandular and appoint people suffering from anemia.
Arsenic - a substance with pronounced toxic and pharmacological properties. Mineral water containing from 0.7 mg / l of arsenic and above, have a specific therapeutic action and relate to arsenious mineral water.
Among drinking mineral water is also bromine. (As is known, bromine is used in the treatment of disorders of the nervous system.) These waters are used only on prescription. The lower the salinity of the water and the less it chlorides, the more pronounced effect seen bromine on the body.
Drinking mineral waters contain more organic matter. Organic composition of mineral water still very much up to now not been studied. That he most likely owe their healing power of mineral waters of Truskavets.
The chemical composition of six different classes of mineral water: bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, mixed, biologically active and aerated.
Technology of bottled mineral water bottling necessarily involves filtering through asbestos, plate or ceramic filters, saturated with carbon dioxide to 0,3 - 0,4%.
As the requirements of national standard, mineral water - is a colorless liquid, with no strangers, unusual odors and flavors to it. On each bottle must be pasted label with the date of issue and description of water.
It should be noted that one can not expect from the healing mineral waters of a miraculous effect. When properly used them, while respecting the diet and general treatment, to the exclusion of unnecessarily irritating moments (especially alcohol) consumption of mineral water gives good results.
Mineral water, bottled, are, however, increasingly used as table water. This is due to their pleasant taste, saturated with carbon dioxide and several other advantages over fresh water. При обильном потоотделении наш организм теряет с потом значительное количество солей. Consumption of fresh water does not compensate these losses, for this reason can occur undesirable depletion of body salts. Established that the workers of hot shops of less sweat for quenching their thirst with salty, not fresh water. But mineral water and there is such a salty water, but only a part of it, except salt, are necessary for the body and other salts. Not to mention the fact that the sanitary condition of mineral water, bottled, always impeccable.
The basic condition for the use of mineral waters as a table is their low mineralization, as well as the use of highly mineralized water can lead to undesirable results.
Given the effect on the organism of mineral waters, one can assume that as the water table should use water-sodium chloride-type mineralization at most 4 - 1,5 g / l for the hydrocarbon-water, this limit is about 6 g / l, and for Water mixed it is between these values. Prudent use of mineral water canteens have beneficial effects on the body.
